构建生态文明的旅游观

生态文明是以人与自然协调发展为核心的观念。旅游业可持续发展中面临着“旅游景区”开发过程中的盲目性、生态旅游发展过程中的盲目性、文物古迹修缮过程中的盲目性，以及国民生态意识淡薄、旅游行为非生态化等问题。构建生态文明的旅游观，是旅游业摆脱困境，实现可持续发展的根本保证。     

环境风险评价简介

概述了环境风险评价有关基本概念、内容程序及环境风险评价中存在的不足,并在此基础上提出了一些建议。     

论大学生生态文明观教育中的高校环保社团作用与责任

生态文明建设的重点是生态文明观的教育和普及。当代大学生作为传承人类文明和推动社会发展的骨干力量,进行生态文明观教育显得非常必要和紧迫。在大学生生态文明观教育中,作为大学生自己的组织——高校环保社团发挥了不可替代的作用。在新的教育形势下,为承担起这一历史责任,高校环保社团还需要不断加强自身建设。     

低碳经济的环境教育理念

“低碳”是当今最流行的词语。但是多数人只限于知其然而不知其所以然的程度。权威调查数据显示。城市排放了约占总量70％的二氧化碳,其中城市建筑排放的二氧化碳占40％。中国作为全球人口最多、城镇化进度最快的发展中国家,节能减排形势严峻。普及低碳经济的环境教育、用低碳理念推进城镇化建设乃当务之急。     

中国环境监理的问题分析和对策探讨

环境监理是实施环境保护措施的有效手段。目前,中国的环境监理工作仍然处于试点、推广阶段,环境监理管理体系尚不完备。本文通过介绍中国环境监理产生的背景、历史发展、概念范畴及存在的诸多问题,提出了完善中国环境监理制度的几点建议,希望环境监理能够在中国今后的环保管理中发挥越来越重要的作用。     

Industrial symbiosis and the policy instruments of sustainable consumption and production

Industrial symbioses (ISs) and eco-industrial parks (EIPs) are key concepts of industrial ecology (IE). The aim of ISs and EIPs is to minimise inefficient material and energy use by utilising local by-product and energy flows. Industrial symbioses tend to develop through spontaneous action of economic actors, for gaining of economic benefit, but these systems can be designed and promoted via policy instruments as well. A literature review showed that national programmes for eco-industrial parks can be found in different parts of the world. In the action programmes and other sustainable consumption and production (SCP) policy documents of the EU, on the other hand, industrial symbioses gain less recognition as a path to enhanced sustainable production. In this article, we consider this and also analyse how the evolution and environmental performance of an industrial symbiosis system centred on a Finnish pulp and paper mill have been affected by SCP policy instruments. With regard to the system forming the subject of the case study, and Finnish industrial systems in general, policy instruments have succeeded in reducing emissions but not in systematically encouraging operators toward symbiosis-like activities. All in all, few studies exist on the overall impact of policy instruments promoting design of eco-industrial parks. It is not self-evident that symbiosis-like production systems would be sustainable in every case, as the background assumptions for political promotion of EIPs suggest. We concluded that industrial symbioses should be analysed and developed on a life cycle basis, with documentation of the real environmental benefits due to efficient resource use and decreased emissions in comparison to standalone production. ISs can then bring eco-competitiveness to companies in relation to SCP tools, such as environmental permits, ecolabels, and future product regulation based on the Ecodesign Directive in Europe. Indirect encouragement of symbiosis through land-use regulation and planning, in such a way that material fluxes between companies are possible both in operations and in financial terms, may prove effective. The same holds for waste policies that encourage increased reuse of a company’s waste by other enterprises.     

Concept for cost effective improvement of river morphology in the context of the European Water Framework Directive

The EU Water Framework Directive calls for cost effective measures to achieve a “good status” in all European ground, surface and coastal waters. Besides eutrophication, the degradation of hydromorphology is the main reason for failing this objective. In this paper, we conceptualise the interactive decision support process BASINFORM-M for finding proper locations for river restoration. The concept combines the recently proposed “stepping stone approach” from aquatic ecology with elements from cost effectiveness analysis, multi-criteria analysis and participatory approaches. BASINFORM-M exemplifies a shift away from the isolated restoration of single river reaches towards a consideration of functional relationships within river networks.     

社会脆弱性研究综述

在梳理社会脆弱性概念和分析框架的基础上,从气候变化、自然灾害、城市化、旅游发展、健康、环境污染及公共安全等扰动视角出发,对其影响下的社会脆弱性研究内容进行梳理总结,并提出未来社会脆弱性研究的关键问题。社会脆弱性研究的关注度不断上升,但社会脆弱性的概念和分析框架尚无统一定论;研究内容多关注气候变化和自然灾害等自然因素扰动下的社会脆弱性分析,对城市化、旅游发展、健康、环境污染和公共安全等人文因素导致的社会脆弱性研究关注较少;研究主题聚焦于社会脆弱性测评、社会脆弱性的空间格局及影响因素探究等方面,对社会脆弱性的时空演变过程及形成机制、社会脆弱性的适应策略及调控路径、社会脆弱性的动态监测及协同效应和尺度效应等主题涉猎不足。未来需重点开展社会脆弱性的时空格局-演变过程-形成机理、社会脆弱性的跨尺度研究、多重压力下的社会脆弱性过程和演化规律、社会脆弱性的情景模拟与调控路径以及社会脆弱性的动态监测与预警等问题的综合研究。     

2017年春季华北地区一次典型沙尘重污染天气过程研究

结合空气质量监测站小时监测数据、NECP资料、卫星遥感资料,分析了2017年5月3—5日华北地区一次典型沙尘重污染天气过程.结果表明,此次重污染过程主要由前期的浮尘和后期的扬沙天气造成.前期,蒙古气旋强烈发展将沙尘源地的沙尘抽吸到空中并在偏西风作用下,长距离传输到华北地区沉降,造成大范围浮尘天气,多个城市出现严重污染,PM₁₀浓度增高显著.后期,随着高空横槽转竖并东移,受强冷锋影响,京津等地出现大风扬沙天气,大风过后,空气质量转好,PM₁₀浓度降低至较低水平.起沙源地高空辐散、近地面辐合产生强烈的上升运动将沙尘带到空中并向东传输至华北上空,近地面处于弱辐散场,高空的沙尘缓慢下沉,形成了浮尘天气;高空槽东移,高空辐合,近地面辐散,700 hPa至近地面为强烈下沉运动,是形成此次扬沙天气的主要原因.结合天气形势分析和特征量诊断,给出了华北地区此次浮尘和扬沙天气的天气学概念模型.     

Detecting general plant functional type responses in fragmented landscapes using spatially-explicit simulations

Habitat loss and increasing landscape fragmentation are known to be key forces driving the ongoing loss of plant species diversity. While the combined effects of increasing isolation and decreasing population size have been studied intensively; it is less understood how plant population performance in heterogeneous landscapes is affected by changes in fragmentation alone.